After World War II and the annexation of the Kaliningrad Region by the Soviet Union, the German population left the region. By 1945, there were only about 5,000 Soviet citizens living here. The mass migration of Germans to Germany (about 100,000 people) occurred in 1947-1948, and about 400,000 Soviet citizens arrived at the same time.

Kaliningrad today is populated mainly by Russians, descendants of post-war immigrants. Representatives of other Slavic nationalities (Belarusians, Ukrainians), as well as small communities of Tatars, Germans, Armenians, Poles and Lithuanians also live here.